Paryushan Parv is one of the most important and sacred festivals in Jainism, observed by both major sects: Śvetāmbara and Digambara. Here is information specific to the Śvetāmbara (Svetambar) Paryushan Parv:

Meaning and Significance

• Paryushan comes from the Sanskrit words "pari" (all sides) and "ushan" (to burn or to shed), which together mean "to shed all karma, to burn all sins".
• It is a time for introspection, spiritual renewal, penance, forgiveness, and self-discipline.
• Jains focus on the core principles of Jainism: Ahimsa (non-violence), Satya (truth), Asteya (non-stealing), Brahmacharya (celibacy/chastity), and Aparigraha (non-possessiveness).

Duration and Timing

• For Śvetāmbara Jains, Paryushan lasts 8 days (called Ashtanhika), usually falling in August or September according to the lunar calendar.
• The last day is called Samvatsari.

Rituals and Practices

• Fasting (Upvas): Many Jains observe fasts ranging from partial to complete abstinence from food and water.
• Pratikraman: Daily ritual of reflection, repentance, and seeking forgiveness for past wrongdoings.
• Scripture Reading: Recitation and study of Jain scriptures, especially the Kalpa Sutra, which contains the life stories of the Tirthankaras, particularly Lord Mahavira.
• Charity and Service: Acts of kindness, charity, and service to others are emphasized.
• Forgiveness (Kshamapana): On the last day, Jains ask forgiveness from everyone, saying "Michchhami Dukkadam" (May all the evil that has been done be fruitless), signifying universal forgiveness.

Importance of Forgiveness

The act of seeking and granting forgiveness is central to Paryushan. It is believed that by forgiving others and seeking forgiveness, one can purify the soul and reduce accumulated karma.

Conclusion

Śvetāmbara Paryushan Parv is a period of intense spiritual activity, self-restraint, and purification. It is a time when Jains strive to live according to the highest ideals of their faith and seek harmony, forgiveness, and peace with all beings.