In Jainism, Sthanakwasi and Terapanthi are two important sub-sects within the Shwetambar sect. Both focus on simplicity and the rejection of idol worship, but they have distinct historical origins and practices:

1. Sthanakwasi

• Origin: Emerged in the 17th century as a reform movement within Shwetambar Jainism.
• Beliefs: Reject idol worship and do not use temples for worship; instead, they assemble in simple prayer halls called "Sthanaks."
• Practices: Emphasize meditation, self-discipline, and listening to discourses (pravachan).
• Scriptures: Follow Agamas (Jain canonical texts) and teachings of earlier Jain Acharyas.
• Monastic Rules: Monks and nuns cover their mouths with a white cloth (muhapatti) and strictly adhere to non-violence.

2. Terapanthi

• Origin: Founded in 1760 CE by Acharya Bhikshu as a reform movement within the Sthanakwasi tradition.
• Beliefs: Also reject idol worship and temple rituals, focusing on spiritual practices and discipline.
• Practices: Known for a well-organized, centralized structure under a single Acharya (spiritual head).
• Discipline: Considered to be more strict and systematic in monastic discipline compared to Sthanakwasi.
• Spread: Terapanthi sect has established organizations like the Jain Vishva Bharati for education and social service.

Key Differences

| Feature | Sthanakwasi | Terapanthi | |--------------------|---------------------------------------|----------------------------------| | Origin | 17th century | 1760 CE (by Acharya Bhikshu) | | Idol Worship | Rejects idols and temples | Rejects idols and temples | | Organization | Decentralized, multiple Acharyas | Centralized, single Acharya | | Emphasis | Meditation, discourse, non-violence | Strict discipline, unity | | Place of Worship | Sthanaks (prayer halls) | Sthanaks |

In summary: Both Sthanakwasi and Terapanthi are non-idolatrous Shwetambar Jain sects, but Terapanthi is more centralized and disciplined, with a single Acharya as the spiritual leader, while Sthanakwasi is more decentralized. Both stress non-violence, simplicity, and spiritual study.