In Jainism, particularly during the sacred festival of Paryushan, many Jains observe special practices to enhance their spiritual discipline and minimize harm to living beings. One such practice is observing “paani kaal” (also spelled as pani kaal).

Paani kaal refers to the specific period during the day when drinking water is permitted. Outside of this timeframe, devout Jains refrain from drinking water. The main reasons for this practice are:

1. Minimizing himsa (violence): Water can harbor countless microscopic life forms (nigod). Drinking water, especially after sunset or after it has been stored for a while, increases the risk of consuming and harming these life forms. Restricting water intake to certain hours helps reduce this inadvertent violence.
2. Discipline and self-control: Observing paani kaal cultivates self-restraint, a core Jain value.

Typical Paani Kaal Timings

• For Svetambara Jains: Paani kaal usually begins at sunrise and ends before sunset. The specific ending time can vary—often it is 40-48 minutes before sunset, but the exact timing is determined by local Jain traditions or the advice of Jain monks.
• For Digambara Jains: The restrictions may be even stricter, with water intake limited to a certain period during the day, often before noon.

During Paryushan

During Paryushan, many Jains observe paani kaal more strictly as part of their heightened spiritual observances. Some may even take a vow to abstain from water entirely for one or more days (this is called “nirjal upvaas”).

In summary: Paani kaal during Paryushan is the limited time window during which Jains may drink water, usually from sunrise until a set time before sunset, to reduce harm to living beings and to foster self-discipline. This is an important aspect of Jain practice, especially during holy periods like Paryushan.