Jains are primarily divided into two major sects: Digambara and Svetambara. This division occurred several centuries after the time of Lord Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara.

Reasons for Division

1. Migration During Famine:

According to Jain tradition, a severe famine struck the Magadha region (modern Bihar) around the 4th century BCE. Acharya Bhadrabahu, a prominent Jain monk, led a group of followers south to Karnataka to escape the famine, while another leader, Sthulabhadra, remained in the north with his followers.

1. Difference in Practices:

After the famine ended, the group that returned from the south found that the northern monks had adopted certain changes in dress and practice. The southerners (later called Digambaras) insisted on strict nudity for monks, following what they believed was Mahavira’s original practice. The northerners (later called Svetambaras) permitted the use of simple white robes.

1. Scriptural Differences:

The two groups also disagreed on which scriptures were authentic and on certain doctrines. For example, Digambaras believe that the original Jain scriptures were lost and do not accept the Svetambara canon as authoritative.

Main Differences

• Attire:

- Digambara monks practice nudity (sky-clad). - Svetambara monks and nuns wear white robes.

• Role of Women:

- Digambaras believe women cannot attain liberation without first being reborn as men. - Svetambaras believe women can attain liberation directly.

• Scriptures and Rituals:

- Both sects have differences in scriptures, rituals, and images of Tirthankaras.

Despite these differences, both sects follow the core teachings of Lord Mahavira and the principles of Jainism, such as ahimsa (non-violence), aparigraha (non-possessiveness), and anekantavada (non-absolutism).