There are 12 types of tapa (austerities) in Jainism.

Six external (bahya tapa):

• Anashana: fasting.
• Unodari: eating less than one’s need.
• Vritti-parisankhyana (also called Vritti-sankshipa): limiting the number/type of food and places from where it is taken.
• Rasa-parityaga (Rasa-tyaga): giving up tasty/stimulating items.
• Kaya-klesha: willingly bearing physical hardships for self-discipline.
• Vivikta-shayyasana (also called Sanlinata): living/seating in seclusion; sense-restraint.

Six internal (abhyantara tapa):

• Prayaschitta: repentance/atonement.
• Vinaya: humility and reverence.
• Vaiyavritya: selfless service (to teachers, monks/nuns, the sick, etc.).
• Svadhyaya: scriptural study.
• Vyutsarga (Kayotsarga): letting go of body-attachment; posture of stillness.
• Dhyana: meditation.

Note: Both Digambara and Shvetambara traditions accept these twelve. Some terms vary slightly (e.g., Vritti-parisankhyana vs. Vritti-sankshipa; Vivikta-shayyasana vs. Sanlinata), but the meanings are the same.