Short answer Pratikraman is as old as the Jain Order. It begins with Bhagwan Mahavir’s time (6th century BCE) as one of the six Avashyakas (essential practices) taught to monks and later followed by laypeople. Over the centuries the core practice stayed the same—introspection, confession (alochana), repentance, and resolve (pratyakhyan)—while the detailed liturgies were organized and standardized by acharyas in later periods.

A little more detail

• Common origin: Both Digambar and Shvetambar traditions accept Pratikraman as an ancient Avashyaka coming from Mahavir’s teaching.
• Early texts:

- Shvetambar: The Avashyaka tradition preserves Pratikraman within the Avashyaka discipline transmitted from the early canonical era. - Digambar: Conduct texts such as Mulachara (for ascetics) and Ratnakaranda Shravakachara (for laypeople) prescribe regular Pratikraman and related vows.

• Standardization: The exact “paddhati” (sequence of sutras and recitations) used today—morning/evening (Raisi/Devasi), fortnightly (Pakshik/Pakkhi), and annual Samvatsari—took shape over the first millennium CE and later, but they are built on the same ancient Avashyaka base.

If you’d like a simple overview of what Pratikraman is and when it’s done, see: