In Jainism, chovihar (also spelled choviyaar or chauvihar) refers to the practice of refraining from eating or drinking anything after sunset (or, more strictly, after dusk). This is an important daily discipline observed by both lay followers (shravakas and shravikas) and ascetics.

Reasons for observing chovihar:

1. Ahimsa (Non-violence):

After sunset, small living beings such as insects become more prevalent and are harder to see. Preparing or consuming food in darkness increases the risk of inadvertently harming these tiny organisms. By avoiding food and drink after sunset, Jains minimize violence (himsa) towards these living beings, upholding the cardinal principle of ahimsa.

1. Digestion and Health:

Jain scriptures mention that eating at night is less healthy because the digestive fire (agni) is weaker. Eating before sunset allows food to be digested properly, which is considered beneficial for health.

1. Discipline and Self-control:

Chovihar cultivates self-discipline, control over desires (especially taste), and regularity in daily routine—qualities valued in Jain spiritual practice.

1. Spiritual Focus:

By abstaining from food and drink at night, one’s mind is more peaceful and focused, which is helpful for spiritual activities such as meditation, study, and prayers.

Scriptural basis: The practice is mentioned in Jain Agamas and texts such as the Uttaradhyayana Sutra. It is one of the daily vows (anupreksha) for householders and a stricter rule for monks and nuns.

Summary: Chovihar is observed to protect living beings, maintain health, develop discipline, and support spiritual growth, reflecting core Jain values.