Which are the navsmaran
Nav‑smaraṇ (the “nine remembrances”) in Jain Dharma are:
1) Arihanta — the enlightened beings who have destroyed inner enemies (kashāyas) but still have a body. 2) Siddha — the liberated souls, bodiless and perfect. 3) Āchārya — heads of the Jain order who uphold discipline and scriptures. 4) Upādhyāya — teachers of the scriptures. 5) Sādhu/Muni — monks who practice vows and guide laypeople. 6) Samyak Darshan — right faith (true conviction in truth). 7) Samyak Jñān — right knowledge (correct, non‑contradictory understanding). 8) Samyak Chāritra — right conduct (vows and pure conduct). 9) Tapa — austerity that purifies karma (external and internal austerities).
Notes on traditions:
- Both Śvetāmbara and Digambara accept these nine.
- Minor wording differs: “Sādhu” is often said “Muni,” and “Tapa” may be pronounced “Tāp/Tapa,” but the meaning is the same.
The spiritual intent is daily remembrance of the five supreme beings (Pañcha‑Parameṣṭhi) and the four jewels of the path (Ratnatraya + Tapa), strengthening reverence and progress toward liberation.