Tirthankara means “ford-maker.”

• Etymology: tirtha = ford, crossing place; kar(a) = maker.
• Meaning in Jainism: a Tirthankara is a spiritual teacher who shows the right path and creates a safe ford across the river of samsara (the cycle of birth and death). By attaining kevala jnana (awakening) and establishing the Jain dharma, they guide others on the path to liberation.
• Tradition differences: both Digambar and Shwetambar traditions agree on the core idea, but you may see slight differences in emphasis or names of specific Tirthankaras in their texts.
• Important note: In the current time-cycle, there are 24 Tirthankaras, with Mahavira being the 24th and last of this cycle.

For more, you can refer to our related Jain knowledge page: