In maharashtra special in kolhapur, sangli, belgaum digambar jain have sub castes as well like panchma, chaturtha etc. Explain about it
Digambar Jain communities in western Maharashtra (Kolhapur, Sangli, Belgaum area) have traditional endogamous subgroups or "castes" that are historical markers of occupation and locality. The main groups you’ll hear about are:
- Pancama (Panchama): traditionally traders and merchants.
- Caturtha (Chaturtha): traditionally farmers/husbandsmen.
- Kasara (Kasar): traditionally copper/brass dealers or metal workers.
- Setavala (Setavalas): traditionally cloth-sellers.
These groups are endogamous, meaning people typically marry within their own subgroup. Each subgroup has its own managing religious authority networks (often with their own Bhattaraka or senior teachers) and temples, and they historically had hereditary roles in temple duties and village rites. Over time, with education and modern professions, many individuals from these groups pursue diverse careers, but the subgroup identity often remains a cultural marker within families and villages.
Important notes:
- The terms Panchama and Chaturtha are descriptive of historical social divisions among Digambar Jains in this region, not separate sects of Jainism.
- In many places, the groups eat together in the same Jain temple community but may still avoid intermarriage across subgroups.
- Digambar Jain communities in these districts often link their religious leadership to mathas or bhattakara (teacher-heads) who are respected within their own subgroup.
If you’d like, I can check for any JainKnowledge.com pages specifically about these Maharashtra subgroups and point you to them.