Different types of Jain
Jainism has a few main streams, with some regional and historical sub-traditions. Here’s a simple overview:
- The traditional view is that Jain monks in this tradition do not wear clothes (they practice nudity as a symbol of renunciation). Scribal and temple practices vary by region.
- Key features: emphasis on strict asceticism, sometimes different interpretations of caste and gender roles in monastic life, and historical differences in the canonical texts.
- Monks and nuns wear white clothing.
- They maintain a different set of scriptures and temple customs compared to Digambaras.
- Within Śvetāmbara there are several sub-traditions with their own practices and emphasis:
- Terapanth: a reformist Śvetāmbara group founded in the 15th century; known for a highly organized monastic council and emphasis on discipline and meditation.
- Murtipujak (also called Mandir-permitted Śvetāmbara): uses image-based worship in temples.
- Sthanakvasi: emphasizes meditation and scriptural study and avoids idol worship in temples, focusing on symbols and scriptures.
- Other regional Śvetāmbara groups may have variations in temple rites, venerations, and monastic rules.
Notes to keep in mind:
- The core Jain goals are the same across these streams: renunciation, Right Faith, Right Knowledge, and Right Conduct, and the ultimate aim of liberation (moksha).
- There can be differences in ritual practices, texts considered authoritative, and how ascetic life is lived, but all trace back to the same Jain teachings about the Tirthankaras, karma, and liberation.
If you’d like, I can point you to specific Jain scriptures or do a deeper comparison of practices between Digambara and Śvetāmbara, or explain any particular sub-tradition in more detail.