In Jainism, time is divided into endless cycles, each of which is further divided into two equal halves: Utsarpini (ascending or progressive half-cycle) and Avasarpini (descending or regressive half-cycle). Each half-cycle is subdivided into six periods called "ārās" (aras).

The "sixth āra" (chaṭhā āra) is known as the "Dukhama-dushamā" or the time of utmost misery, spiritual decline, and minimal religious practice. According to Jain teachings, after the end of the sixth āra in the Avasarpini (descending cycle), the Utsarpini (ascending cycle) begins.

After the completion of the sixth āra:

• The cycle reverses direction, and the Utsarpini (ascending half) starts.
• In Utsarpini, conditions gradually improve with each new āra: lifespan, stature, moral and spiritual progress increase.
• The first āra of Utsarpini is the best period, characterized by prosperity, happiness, and spiritual advancement.

This cyclical nature of time is eternal and infinite, with no beginning or end, according to Jain cosmology. Thus, after the sixth āra, the world will gradually move toward better conditions as the new cycle begins.