Tapagaccha and Kharatara Gaccha are two major Śvetāmbara Mūrti-pūjaka monastic lineages (gachchas).

• Tapagaccha

- Origin: Founded in the 13th century by Acharya Jagatchandra Suri; it became the largest Śvetāmbara monastic order. ( jainknowledge.com) - Emphasis: Known for austerity (tapas) and reform in monastic practice; has a wide geographic presence and many monks/nuns today. ( jainknowledge.com) - Status today: The most extensive and influential gaccha among Śvetāmbara Jains. ( jainknowledge.com)

• Kharatara Gaccha

- Origin: An older Śvetāmbara gaccha, traditionally said to be founded in the 11th century by Sri Jināchandra Suri (also linked to other early reformers); it's one of the four surviving major Śvetāmbara gachchas. ( jainknowledge.com) - Emphasis: Strong adherence to scriptures and monastic discipline; maintains its own line of teachers and calendar practices. ( jainknowledge.com) - Status today: A prominent but smaller counterbalance to Tapagaccha; one of the four active major Śvetāmbara gachchas. ( jainknowledge.com)

Key differences to remember

• Founding lineage: Tapagaccha is the later founder (Jagatchandra Suri) and is now the largest; Kharatara Gaccha traces to an earlier line (often linked to Jinachandra/Jineshwar Suri) and is smaller but influential. ( jainknowledge.com)
• Practice calendar and discipline: Each gaccha preserves its own set of ritual calendars and disciplinary customs, though all share core Jain doctrine. Tapagaccha is noted for broader reform sections and larger following; Kharatara Gaccha emphasizes strict scriptural adherence. ( jainknowledge.com)
• Relative size and reach: Tapagaccha is the largest, Kharatara Gaccha is one of the other major but less numerous gachchas. ( jainknowledge.com)

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