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  • What are the 1444 texts
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    Jain Follower

    What are the 1444 texts

    7 months ago 156

    In Jain tradition, the “1444 texts” usually refers to the 1444 granths (prakaraṇas) that Acharya Haribhadrasuri is said to have written.

    According to Śvetāmbara tradition:

    • Acharya Haribhadrasuri planned to kill 1444 Buddhist teachers and students in revenge.
    • Sādhvī Yakini Mahattarā stopped him and showed him that this was grave violence.
    • As prāyaścitta (atonement), he instead composed 1444 books explaining Jain dharma, forgiveness, non‑violence, right faith, etc.
    • Many of these works are now lost; only a small number (dozens, not 1444) survive or are clearly identifiable.

    So, can we list all 1444 texts?

    No. Today we do not have a complete, reliable list of all 1444 works. The number 1444 is preserved in the tradition as:

    • A sign of his immense literary output, and
    • A reminder of how anger was transformed into spirituality and scriptural wisdom.

    Scholars and tradition can only list the better‑known surviving works, such as (just a few examples):

    • Anekāntajayapatākā
    • Ṣaḍdarśanasamuccaya
    • Yogabindu, Yogaśataka, Yogadṛṣṭisamuccaya (yoga texts)
    • Dharmabindu
    • Samarāiccakahā (Samarāditya Kathā)
    • Various commentaries on Āgamas (e.g. Daśavaikālika, Avasyaka, etc.)

    For a simple traditional story of the 1444 books and Sādhvī Yakini Mahattarā, you can read here:

    For a concise list of some main Haribhadrasuri granths (not all 1444), see:

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