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  • types f tap
  • author Posted by
    Jain Follower

    types f tap

    12 months ago 348

    Did you mean “types of Tap (Tapa/Tapas)” in Jainism? Here are the traditional types, kept very simple.

    Two main categories (12 Tapas)

    • External (Bāhya Tap) – 6
    1) Anashan: complete fast 2) Unodari: eat less than hunger 3) Vritti-saṅkṣhep: limit number/kinds of foods or sources 4) Rasa-parityāg: give up tasty/stimulating items 5) Vivikta-śayyāsan: sit/sleep in simple, secluded places 6) Kāya-kleśa: patiently bear heat, cold, etc.

    • Internal (Abhyantar Tap) – 6
    7) Prāyaśchitta: repentance/atonement 8) Vinay: humility and reverence 9) Vaiyāvṛttya: selfless service (esp. to ascetics, needy) 10) Svādhyāy: study and reflection on scriptures 11) Vyu(ts)arga: detachment from the body; letting go 12) Dhyān: right meditation on the soul

    Notes on traditions

    • Both Śvetāmbara and Digambara accept these twelve austerities (as taught in Tattvārtha-sūtra). Naming/order may vary slightly; the essence is the same.

    Some advanced/observed vows (for laypeople), related to Tap

    • Ayambil Oli (Navapad Oli): one plain meal daily for nine days
    • Varshitap: alternate-day fasting for about a year
    • Atthai/Ashtāhnika fasts, Māskhaman (month-long fast), etc.
    These are applications of Tap for purification and karma-shedding; attempt only with proper guidance.

    For a simple overview, see:

    • Types of Tap (Tap na bhed)
    • 20 Sthānak/Āthanak Tap (expanded lists used in practice)

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