types f tap
Did you mean “types of Tap (Tapa/Tapas)” in Jainism? Here are the traditional types, kept very simple.
Two main categories (12 Tapas)
1) Anashan: complete fast
2) Unodari: eat less than hunger
3) Vritti-saṅkṣhep: limit number/kinds of foods or sources
4) Rasa-parityāg: give up tasty/stimulating items
5) Vivikta-śayyāsan: sit/sleep in simple, secluded places
6) Kāya-kleśa: patiently bear heat, cold, etc.
- Internal (Abhyantar Tap) – 6
7) Prāyaśchitta: repentance/atonement
8) Vinay: humility and reverence
9) Vaiyāvṛttya: selfless service (esp. to ascetics, needy)
10) Svādhyāy: study and reflection on scriptures
11) Vyu(ts)arga: detachment from the body; letting go
12) Dhyān: right meditation on the soul
Notes on traditions
- Both Śvetāmbara and Digambara accept these twelve austerities (as taught in Tattvārtha-sūtra). Naming/order may vary slightly; the essence is the same.
Some advanced/observed vows (for laypeople), related to Tap
- Ayambil Oli (Navapad Oli): one plain meal daily for nine days
- Varshitap: alternate-day fasting for about a year
- Atthai/Ashtāhnika fasts, Māskhaman (month-long fast), etc.
These are applications of Tap for purification and karma-shedding; attempt only with proper guidance.
For a simple overview, see:
- Types of Tap (Tap na bhed)
- 20 Sthānak/Āthanak Tap (expanded lists used in practice)