Pratikraman (Pratikramana) means “returning from transgressions.” In Jain Dharma it is a regular practice of honest self‑review, repentance, asking forgiveness, and firm resolve not to repeat faults done by mind, speech, or body. Its aim is to lighten karmic bondage and bring the soul back to the path of samyak darshan–jnan–charitra.

Key points

• What it is: A disciplined rite of introspection and repentance, done with humility and awareness of the vows.
• Meaning of the word: “Prati” (back) + “kraman” (going/stepping) = returning from lapses.
• Core elements (Avashyaka):

1) Samayik (equanimity), 2) Chauvisanth (honoring 24 Tirthankars), 3) Vandana, 4) Pratikraman (confession/repentance), 5) Kayotsarga (still meditation), 6) Pratyakhyan (resolutions).

• Times it is done:

• Daily – morning (Raisi/Rayi) and evening (Devasi). • Pakshik – fortnightly. • Chaumasi – every four months. • Samvatsari – once a year during Paryushan; all say “Micchāmi Dukkaḍaṁ” seeking and granting forgiveness.

• Spiritual spirit: Ahimsa, humility, self‑control, forgiveness, and steady progress toward purification.

Tradition notes

• Shvetambar: Detailed Pratikraman with specific sutras; annual Samvatsari Pratikraman on the last day of Paryushan.
• Digambar: The essence is the same—alochana (confession), pratyakhyan (resolve), kshamapana (forgiveness). The annual Kshamavani day (for universal forgiveness) is observed as per their calendar. The wording of sutras and exact sequence differ, but the purpose—repentance and return to right conduct—is identical.

Helpful guides from JainKnowledge

• What Pratikraman is and why it matters
• When Pratikraman should be done (daily, pakshik, chaumasi, samvatsari)
• Simple how‑to for performing Pratikraman