Short answer

• Ideally, no. For Pratikraman you should change into clean, simple (preferably white) clothes reserved for worship.
• If changing is genuinely not possible, you may still do Pratikraman in the same clothes only if they are clean, dry, unstained, and without food smell—and you first cleanse yourself properly. Doing Pratikraman is better than skipping it.

Proper way (both Śvetāmbara and Digambara lay followers)

• Before starting: rinse mouth well (best to brush), wash hands up to elbows, wash feet, and wipe any food traces.
• Clothing: clean, modest, plant‑based fabric; avoid leather, wool, silk, or fur. Do not wear garments with food stains or odor.
• Best practice: keep a simple white set reserved for sāmāyik/Pratikraman to maintain āntar‑bāhy śuddhi (inner and outer purity).

Tradition notes

• Śvetāmbara śrāvaks generally wear plain white for sāmāyik/Pratikraman; soiled or “eating clothes” are avoided.
• Digambara śrāvaks also emphasize śuddha‑vastra (clean, simple clothes). In both traditions, purity and non‑distraction are essential; ritual in stained/smelling garments should be avoided.
• If you had to proceed due to circumstances, do ālochana (acknowledge the lapse) and take pratyākhyān (resolve) to keep separate clean clothes next time.

Never do Pratikraman

• While chewing or with food in the mouth.
• In clothes that are greasy, stained, wet, or carry food smell.
• With leather/fur or other animal‑derived items.

Helpful references

• How to perform Pratikraman
• Devsi (evening) Pratikraman—steps and preparation
• Pratikraman (Jain Facts & Concepts) — dress and śuddhi mentioned under Avashyakas