• 22 panthi / baeespanthi (Bisapanthi): This term refers to a broad older set of Jain communities within Digambara that historically had many lineages and temple practices. In many contemporary contexts, people talk about “Bisapanthi” or “Bisapantha” as about 20 panthi, i.e., twenty major lineages or sects within a Digambar/Jain community. Over time the number is often described as around 20 rather than exactly 22, depending on how groups are counted. (See discussions in JainKnowledge discussions about 20-panti/Bisapanthi.)

• Terapanthi: Terapanthi is a distinct reform-society within the Śvetāmbara tradition (and there is also a Digambara Terapantha in some discussions). It was founded to bring stricter organizational discipline and non-idolatry, with a centralized leadership under an Acharya, and a simple, code-driven way of worship and practice. The Terapanthi in Śvetāmbara Jainism emphasizes group prayers, ethical conduct, scriptural study, and obedience to the Acharya, while avoiding idol worship in temples. The Digambara and Śvetāmbara Terapanthis are separate and quite different from one another.

• Key differences between Terapanthi and Baeespanthi (Bisapanthi) in brief:

- Organizational structure: - Terapanthi: centralized leadership under a single Acharya in many communities; a disciplined, uniform approach to practice. - Baeespanthi/Bisapanthi: historically more decentralized with multiple religious authorities and lineages. - Worship and rituals: - Terapanthi (Śvetāmbara): generally non-idolatrous in practice, simple worship, emphasis on study and ethics. - Bisapanthi: historically included a broader range of temple worship and ritual practices within Digambara communities; temple idols and devotional practices varied by lineage. - Philosophical/ritual emphasis: - Terapanthi tends to emphasize restraint, study, and a standardized path under the Acharya. - Bisapanthi represents a broader set of lineages with diverse practices and temple traditions.

• Important note: within Jainism, names like Terapanthi, Sthanakwasi, and other panth are used in both Śvetāmbara and Digambara contexts, but the exact practices and positions often differ between the two major traditions. For example, Śvetāmbara Terapanthi and Digambara Terapantha are distinct from each other; similarly, Sthanakwasi and Terapanthi (within Śvetāmbara) have their own differences in organization and ritual style. You can read more on these differences in the JainKnowledge discussions:

- Is there any ritualistic difference between sthanakwasi and terapanthi. - What is the difference between 13panti Jain’s and 20panti Jains. - What is the difference between sthanakwasi and terapanthi.

You can read more here and here and here .

Note: If you want, I can pull out specific sutras or scriptures that lay out the doctrinal basis for these groups, per your interest.